我們有時(shí)候在查找FAA的各種資料時(shí),避免不了接觸FAA發(fā)布的各類(lèi)“文件”。除了FAR規(guī)章以外,常見(jiàn)的還有Advisory Circular(AC),Orders and Notice,Information for Operators (InFOs),以及Safety Alerts for Operators (SAFOs)。 這些種類(lèi)的文件都是什么目的?應(yīng)該怎么看待和使用這些文件呢?其實(shí)在FAA官網(wǎng)的Guidance部分 https://www.faa.gov/guidance/ 是有說(shuō)明的。
咨詢通告,說(shuō)明是這樣的:
Advisory Circulars: The Advisory Circular (AC) system provides a single, uniform, agency-wide system that the FAA uses to deliver advisory material to FAA customers, industry, the aviation community, and the public. ACs cover a broad range of topics within the FAA. The FAA maintains all current and updated ACs in a single database.
咨詢通告(AC)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)FAA用于向FAA的客戶、工業(yè)、航空界和公眾提供咨詢材料的統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)。ACs涵蓋的主題非常廣。FAA在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中維護(hù)所有現(xiàn)行有效和更新版本的AC。發(fā)現(xiàn)了沒(méi),FAA在AC的一般性說(shuō)明中,并沒(méi)有對(duì)AC的作用作出表述,這是為什么的,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)AC都有自己的Purpose以及How to Use,拿最近發(fā)布的AC120-121 Safety Risk Management Involving Items in Aircraft Cargo來(lái)舉個(gè)栗子。
PURPOSE OF THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR (AC). This AC provides guidance in performing a safety risk assessment, as part of Safety Risk Management (SRM), associated with the transport of various types of items in the aircraft cargo compartment and the value of considering the inherent hazardous properties of these items. This document is intended only to provide clarity to the public regarding existing requirements under the law or agency policies. This guidance is not legally binding in its own right and will not be relied upon by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as a separate basis for affirmative enforcement action or other administrative penalty. Conformity with this guidance document is voluntary only and nonconformity will not affect rights and obligations under existing statutes and regulations.
作為安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理(SRM)的一部分,本AC提供了關(guān)于在飛機(jī)貨艙中運(yùn)輸各種類(lèi)型物品的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的指導(dǎo),以及考慮這些物品固有危險(xiǎn)特性的價(jià)值。本文件旨在向公眾提供法律或機(jī)構(gòu)政策下的現(xiàn)有要求。本指南本身不具有法律約束力,聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)也不會(huì)將其作為平權(quán)執(zhí)法行動(dòng)或其他adm的獨(dú)立依據(jù)。看到了吧,寫(xiě)的非常清楚,包括內(nèi)容的指向和法律關(guān)系。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),我們國(guó)內(nèi)的AC的含義“各職能部門(mén)下發(fā)的對(duì)民用航空規(guī)章條文所作的具體闡述。(已經(jīng)廢止的CCAR12部中的定義)”和FAA的AC不是一回事,FAA的AC大概率提供的是一些非強(qiáng)制也非唯一的符合性方法。
指令和通告,說(shuō)明是這樣的:
Orders and Notices: FAA orders and notices are issued by the FAA as guidance material for FAA personnel. While FAA personnel are the primary audience for orders/notices, the aviation industry may use orders/notices as reference and the general public may find particular orders/notices of interest. The FAA maintains all of its current and updated orders and notices on a single database.
指令和通告由FAA發(fā)布,作為FAA人員的指導(dǎo)材料。雖然FAA人員是指令和通告的主要受眾,但航空業(yè)可能會(huì)使用它們作為參考,一般公眾可能會(huì)找到感興趣的內(nèi)容。FAA在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中維護(hù)所有現(xiàn)行有效和更新版本的指令和通告。瞧黑板,Order和Notice首先的對(duì)象是FAA自己人,比如Order8260.3,也就是TERPS,是給FAA的程序設(shè)計(jì)人員用的。當(dāng)然,運(yùn)營(yíng)人等其他各方如果想?yún)⒖歼@些文件,也是可以的,但注意,一定是參考,不是依據(jù)。Information for Operators (InFOs)
運(yùn)營(yíng)人信息通告,說(shuō)明是這樣的:
Information for Operators (InFOs): An InFO contains valuable information for operators that should help them meet certain administrative, regulatory, or operational requirements with relatively low urgency or impact on safety. InFOs are maintained on a single database.
運(yùn)營(yíng)人信息通告包含有價(jià)值的信息,可以幫助他們滿足某些管理、法規(guī)或操作要求,而這些要求的緊迫性或?qū)Π踩挠绊懴鄬?duì)較小。信息通報(bào)在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行維護(hù)。個(gè)人以為,國(guó)內(nèi)的IB就是類(lèi)似的東西。Safety Alerts for Operators (SAFOs)
運(yùn)營(yíng)人安全警示,說(shuō)明是這樣的:
運(yùn)營(yíng)人安全警示包含重要的安全信息,可能還包括建議措施。航空公司在履行其法定職責(zé),為公眾利益提供盡可能安全的服務(wù)時(shí),應(yīng)特別重視有關(guān)安全警示的內(nèi)容。安全警示在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上進(jìn)行維護(hù)。SAFO里會(huì)有建議措施的,這個(gè)我們國(guó)內(nèi)就有很多種文件形式了,不再列舉。 |